What Was The Great Game?
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What we call the Great Game refers to the contest between Britain and Russia for hegemony in a large expanse of the Muslim world; namely Iran, Central Asia, and Afghanistan. After the Napoleonic Wars, Russia became a preeminent European power. It was already expanding in Central Asia, and wanted to prevent British influence in the area. Britain was concerned that Russian expansion would threaten its lucrative empire in India. Both European empires maneuvered for advantage while trying to avoid a direct war. The game played out partly with armies, but also with agents, scholars, spies, and diplomats trying to gain advantage with local rulers. From the early 1800s to the 1907 Anglo-Russian convention, both powers competed and established hegemony over Iran, Central Asia’s various kingdoms and Afghanistan through direct conquest, establishment of protectorates, or economic domination. With the 1907 convention, they formally settled their spheres of influence and focused on allying against
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