How Colonial Borders Ruined the Middle East
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💵 https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/hikmahistory 💵 https://www.patreon.com/user?u=12397811 Al-Muqaddimah poster in the background: almuqaddimah.com The boundaries of virtually every state in the modern Middle East were drawn not by the people living there but by British and French diplomats who had, in many cases, never visited the regions they were carving up. The Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916 divided the Arab world into spheres of influence along lines that served European strategic interests, with essentially no regard for ethnic, tribal, sectarian or geographic realities on the ground. Iraq was assembled from three Ottoman provinces — Kurdish Mosul in the north, Sunni Arab Baghdad in the centre, Shia Arab Basra in the south — that had been administered separately for centuries. The sectarian conflict that has consumed Iraq since 2003 did not emerge from nowhere. Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Kuwait — all of these states bear the fingerprints of European mapmakers who prioritised their
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